The man and control system in totalitarian ideology was considered as a cult mass of
"the simple man". Ignoring a free nature of the person, we built a society,
where people considered themselves "usual", "small",
"unfortunate" and so on.
The formation of a new society is impossible without reconsideration of this ideology and
new substantiation of concept of the free person. On this theme we shall speak at last
lecture, where we can carry out SWOT - analysis of work of the journalist. However today
we shall notice, that our theme: the man, the person, leader, manager, chief is impossible
without knowledge of bases of politology and similar themes on other branches of a
science.
The person becomes originally free only under conditions, if its high basis and support is
the own reason, honour and conscience.
The person is valuable by its personality. The man finds rescue from general destruction
only in finding itself, its personality.
And, certainly, under such corner of sight, being released from collective formation, we
should consider our course "Journalism and management", and the given lecture
"Man in a control system".
Working in any organization, each man is in a control system. He is necessary subordinated
to somebody, carries out the orders or tasks, is possible, that somebody is subordinated
to him. The place in a control system determines character of behaviour of the man.
The combination of functions and powers in activity of the man determines character of his
behaviour, structure of business values, attitude to other employees.
If consider various kinds of management on a position of the man in system of management,
it is possible to allocate the phenomena personalisation and personification of
management. The first means orientation to strengthening of collective activity, increase
of authority of collective, presentation of collective in image of firm; the second -
concentration of authority on behalf of the manager, identification of successes with his
personality, energy and activity. The collective acts as the additional factor, instead of
conducting.
The reality of effective management testifies about the necessity of combination
personalisation and personification of management. A measure and the borders of such
combination go in understanding of art of management.
Criterion of an optimum combination can be the relation of collective to the manager and
manager to collective, opportunity of realization of individual abilities and
self-disclosing of the person in process of management. These questions require regular
research.
The personality of the manager plays a main role in achievement of management efficiency.
All set of personal characteristics of the manager is divided into two groups: the
characteristics of natural individuality and characteristics acquired and advanced in
process of education, accumulation of experience, understanding of slips and successes.
The professional training of the manager determines its authority, quality of
administrative decisions, reality and success of strategy of management, time of
development of the administrative decisions.
The personality of the manager is formed on a basis as his individual aspiration to
development of the certain habits, features and skills, and as a result of conditions, in
which he has to work.
The personality of the manager is brightly shown in style of management.
We investigate experience of western countries and we speak about what makes the manager.
Today, frequently the main editor is uniform in many persons: the publisher and financier,
organizer and manager, responsible editor and writing journalist.
There is such term "authority of an example". In a role of the responsible
editor it is necessary to show a personal example in all and first of all in truthful
illumination of events, in the attitude to the letters of readers, to sources of
information, in care for the employees of edition, in strict following to high ethical
journalistic norms. All this determines tone of work of all edition.
LEADERSHIP AND STYLE OF MANAGEMENT
Not everyone can be a leader, who is recognized by collective.
Leadership is an ability to convince people in his abilities to rule. Leadership is
constructed on a voluntary recognition by the person of opportunities to understand
interests of other people and to rule them according to these interests.
The best variant of leadership consists in concurrence of the manager and leader in one
person.
The harmony formal and informal leadership appreciably depends on motivation of
leadership.
If speak about the personality of the manager, his leadership is determined by the
following factors: education, culture, professional qualification, vital experience,
attitude to work, attitude to the people, vital position (optimism, reliance and so on.),
self-organizing.
The style of management is a multicomponent characteristic of management reflecting a
general atmosphere of administrative activity, arising from a position of the manager
concerning the aims, means and opportunities of their achievement, relation to the
personnel, system of values and business activity.
Three kinds of style of management are allocated: autocratic, liberal and democratic.
The attitude to the man is determining in leadership and style of management.
AUTHORITY AND PARTNERSHIP
The authority is an opportunity and ability to render determining influence on activity of
people.
The partnership is a management, which is carried out on the basis of participation of all
members of collective or group in development and acceptance of the decisions. It is a
joint management.
Authority and responsibility are willingly mentioned in a political terminology, in MMM
today.
At the same time the responsibility is frequently treated as the terminator of freedom.
And, it is necessary to note that there should be a wide understanding of the legal
responsibility by the persons possessing authority.
Leist О. E. has entered into a scientific revolution new concept - administrative
responsibility, which has a nature of "positive responsibility", distinct from
nature of responsibility for an offence. This concept directly concerns our course, is
attempt to prove specifity of the responsibility in authority relations.
Leiston has built the quite logical design of the administrative responsibility. He has
allocated three forms inside it:
1. "constructive responsibility ", following from the fact of occurrence
the responsible body or person (election, assignment etc.) in established order;
2. "the functional responsibility", resulted from definition of tasks,
purposes of the appropriate body, allotment it with necessary competences, it bears
responsibility for its appropriate realization;
3. "the personal responsibility", meaning exact definiteness of a circle
of businesses of the workers, operations charged to him, tasks, practical works. ( let's
notice, that on the sense the functional and personal responsibility are identical. Simply
in the first case the speech is about the collective responsibility, in the second is
about individual).
ТYPOLOGY OF AUTHORITY
1. Authority leaning on compulsion;
2. Authority leaning on insufficiency of information of subordinated people;
3. Authority leaning on interests and need of the man;
4. Authority leaning on consciousness of subordinated and the manager;
5. Authority leaning on professional pleasure from work;
6. Reference authority;
7. Authority of group pressure;
8. Authority of tradition, here - authority of an example;
9. Authority of belief.
The management leaning on belief of the manager, and on belief, prevailing in
consciousness of the personnel, is rather effective.
IDENTITY AND BELONGING
Shortly I explain to the students a theme, which touches the previous themes and the new
theme on conflictology, which will be the following theme of lecture. Then I give
exercises for 15 minutes.
One of our basic needs is the need for identity, in understanding of who we are,
recognition and respect on the part of others. This need for identity is closely connected
with need for belonging to the certain group. From the moment of our birth all of us are a
part of any group, usually it is family, which exists in the certain community, lives in
the certain country and feels belonging to the certain nationality. Thus, the personal
identity is connected with group identity.
Each of us has identity, some following aspects are included in it:
1. My origin - part of identity, ascending to the parents, to the elder people, and
also to traditions, culture and conditions of district, where I was born, when I was born;
Where did I come from? What identity have I inherited? (For example, German, Kazakh,
Russian, Muslim, Christian, the high caste and so on.).
2. My roles - part of identity, which correspond to my present relations with
others, with my work (paid and no-charged) and position, which I occupy. What roles and
positions do I occupy, what frameworks do I work in? (mother, father, teacher, social
worker, student, chairman and so on.).
3. My preferences - part of identity, which are connected with my favourite
occupations; who am I, when I have a rest or I have a good time? (football player,
pianist, potter, poet, idler man and so on.).
4. My purposes - part of identity connected with my personal purposes and values,
including spiritual and religious values, and their embodiment in my life. Who am I
according to relations to my personal purposes and values?(peace-maker, right-defender,
mussulman and so on.).
Though we can not change our origin, other aspects of our identity vary during life. My
today's identity is not the same as ten or twenty years ago. And in ten or twenty years my
identity will not be similar to today's. During life my roles, preference and the purposes
can change. Besides, as the personal identity is closely connected with identity of group,
any changes in self-consciousness of my group will have influence on my personal identity.
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