Influence of journalism on economic life of a society, its character, scales and the
directions are determined by a role of press as source and channel of the economic
information. Many researchers, for example, Voroshilov V. V., (St.-Petersburg), Blazhnov
E. A., Gurevich S. M. (Moscow) and others stated this point of view.
Without such information modern economy is not capable to exist. Press and the printed
periodic editions continuously transfer to economic structures the large and the major
part of the economic data, information necessary for normal functioning and development of
all branches of economy. It concerns mass social - political newspapers and magazines,
hundred thousand and millions copies, distributed in all regions of our country. This also
concerns business press - newspapers, weekly journals, magazines, they are let out
especially for the chiefs of the industrial and trade enterprises, firms, businessmen,
workers of stock exchanges and banks. The role of this press continuously grows. The
business newspapers and the magazines publish for the readers the special detailed
information, that social - political editions can not place, because of lack of a place
and shortage of the experts in editions.
Other direction of influence press on economy - publication of critical performances,
propagation of positive experience of economic structures, statement on printed pages and
discussion of problems of development of economy. Critical articles and correspondence not
only inform the operative information about crisis situations arising in various
industries and agriculture of the country and its separate regions, but also informs about
results of the analysis of the reasons of mistakes, miscalculations and failures which
have resulted to these situations.
The ten years' history of existence of Kazakhstan as independent state allows to make some
generalisations in sphere of functioning of mass media and to reveal their role in
formation and stabilisation of a national economy.
During economic transformations the two-uniform task connected with formation of the
market relations and overcoming of deep crisis is decided. After the expiration of nine
years the national economy has ambiguous results. There are certain achievement in the
process of transformation of socio-economic system, transferring it on market condition
and principles of functioning. There are more unsolved problems in overcoming economic
crisis and revival of manufacture.
Mass media of the Republic, together with all society, decides complex tasks facing to
Republic. Certainly, mass media use all methods and ways for restoration former glory of
the Kazakhstan economy. The role of mass media in formation of the independent state is
invaluable. Freedom of a word and statements is one of the main democratic parameters of a
society. What are opportunities of mass media in Kazakhstan ? How are they capable to
bring in their contribution to stabilisation and prosperity of economy?
The skilled economist, doctor of economic sciences, deputy of Majilis Sabdenov O. writes:
"Measures on development of the market relations started to take root into economic
environment, alien to trade-money relations: introduction of free - contractual prices,
growing under condition of monopolisation, increase the role of profit, received by the
enterprises only at the expense of rise in prices etc. It was necessary to make a choice:
to go on the certain strengthening of state regulation and begin evolutionary movement to
the market in process of creation of condition, necessary for it, or to decide on
revolutionary introduction of the market in hope that from the arisen chaos the market
will arise automatically. As it is known, the preference was given to the second way of
movement to the market in hope for getting fast results".
The same opinion was stated by the vice-premier N. Isingarin in the information, published
in the newspaper "Panorama". The first stage of reforming of economy, he has
named as "romantic", based in believe that the market institutes are capable to
start working hemselves.
Since 1991 there has been seven changes of government:
- The first (chairman of the Ministers Êàramanova U.) existed till 1992)
- The second (Prime Minister Òåreshenko S. - 1992-1994 . The basic direction
- realisation of methods of shock therapy, liberalisation of the prices, mass
privatisation, exit from a rouble zone, introduction of national currency;
- The third - fourth (Prime Minister Êàzhegeldin A.) - 1994-1997. The basic
attention was directed to macro-economic stabilisation;
- The fifth (Prime Minister Balginbaev N.) from 1997 -1998. Socialisation of
reforms;
- The sixth (Prime Minister Balgimbaev N.) - since 1999 liquidation of influence of
consequences of a world economic crisis;
- The seventh (Prime Minister Òîêàåv K.) - since the end of 1999 - deepening of
social reforms.
There is a necessity for formation of new economic thinking, that development is possible
at periodic illumination of economic questions promoting classification and understanding
of occurring processes, analysis and forecasts. The occurrence in the market of
information of the economic editions is caused by statement of the following tasks of the
market mechanism before a society:
- Revealing economic processes and constant satisfaction of needs of an audience in
the economic information and information about a course of economic reforms;
- Definition of ways of the most effective satisfaction of these requirements;
- Necessity of the most objective and all-round illumination of economic processes
for the country;
- Necessity of development of uniform information sources in connection with
introduction of market mechanisms of regulation economy (uniform system of the accounting,
statistical and operative accounts).
However the most powerful argument in development of economic press is that the urgency of
illumination of economic questions in journalism will not lose the importance so long as
there will be economy and inter-economic relations.
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Themes of the lecture lessons:
1. Press of RÊ about development of economy in the period of stagnation.
2. Press of Kazakhstan about the reasons of an economic crisis (1986-1992ãã).
3. Modern economic thinking and features of its formation by mass media.
4. Feature of display of an economic crisis and public opinion about the anti-crisis
programs.
5. Budget policy of RÊ and important aspects of its illumination in press.
6. Oil and gas complexes of Kazakhstan and feature of their illumination in press of
republic.
7. Problem of agriculture in press.
8. Transit period in economy and specificity of its illumination in mass media.
9. Economic publicism: features of journalistic skill.
10. Tendency of development of an economic theme in press of RÊ.
Themes of the seminar lessons:
1. Reason of occurrence of an industrial press; the requirements to economic press.
2. Basic themes of newspaper performances about problems of economy in the period of
reorganisation. Criticism of command - administrative methods of management.
3. Publication Àgranovskogo A., Latsisa O., Valovogo D.: features of the analysis
of an economic problem.
4. Socially - political reasons of an economic crisis. The basic themes of newspaper
performances: disorganisation of manufacture because of break of former economic
communications and decrease of discipline; not prepared transition to the market; high
rates of inflation etc. An originality of newspaper performances in disclosing.
5. Discussion in press of the anti-crisis program of development of Kazakhstan,
program radicalisation and gaining sovereignty of Kazakhstan's economy.
6. Press and realisation of the national program de-nationalisation (Ï-Ø stages).
7. Tax policy and features of its reflection in press.
8. Oil and gas complex and problem of realisation of petroleum from Kazakhstans.
Illumination of the Caspian Sea problem in the leading foreign editions. Features of a
position of American newspapers.
9. Condition of Kazakhstan's agriculture at the stage of transition from socialist
to the market relations.
10. Efficiency of publication on economic themes. Features of formation of economic
thinking under modern condition.
Control questions:
1. Historical experience and lessons of activity of press in the period of reforming
economy.
2. Reason of occurrence of an industrial press; the requirements to economic press.
3. Discussion in press about ways of development of Kazakhstan's economy (in 20 -th
years. Transition to comand - administrative methods of economy management.
4. Press about industrialisation of the country, collectivisation. Development of
the national economy in post-war period (review).
5. Press about development of economy in the period of stagnation. The basic themes
of newspaper performances.
6. A role of press in realisation in life the slogan "we will overtake and
surpass America!" And others voluntarism projects and "gigantomania".
7. Party membership of the press and Victorian illumination of problems of economy.
8. Basic themes of newspaper performances about problems of economy in the period of
reorganisation. Criticism of command - administrative methods of management of a national
economy in the article "Paper boom with" a minus "sign", "Steel
games of the 90-th years", "Freedom on a lead" and others.
9. Originality of newspaper performances on problems of economy in the period of
reorganisation. The publications by Àgranovskogo A., Latsisa O., Valovskogo D.: features
of analysis of an economic problem.
10. Press about the reasons of an economic crisis (1986-1992).
11. Socially - political reasons of an economic crisis.
12. Basic themes of newspaper performances: disorganisation of manufacture because
of break of former economic communications and reduction of discipline; not prepared
transition to the market; high rates of inflation etc.
13. Originality of newspaper performances in disclosing the reasons of crisis.
Features of disclosing of the objective and subjective reasons of an economic crisis.
Journalistic skill of performances in the crisis period.
14. Press about Kazakhstan model of development of economy RÊ
15. Professor Òîfler about stages of development of a society and information
revolution.
16. Kazakhstan: an imitating way of development STP.
17. Basic transfers of technology: import of pseudo-scientific goods on the usual
commercial bases; sale of the patents and licenses; rendering state technical help:
realisation of the direct private investments; rendering services of scientific character.
18. Press about necessity of the special mechanism of investment, tax and foreign
trade regulation.
19. Discussion of the anti-crisis program of development of Kazakhstan and program
of radicalisation and sovereignty of Kazakhstan economy in press.
20. Problem of privatisation in press
21. Foreign experience of privatisation on pages of a periodic press.
22. Press and realisation of the national program de-nationalisation and
privatisation (Ï-Ø stages). Press about formation of active antiexclusive policy and
competition.
23. Press about budget policy of RÊ
24. Role of the state budget in economy. A history of a question.
25. Proficiency-deficiency of the budget and reason of growth of budget deficiency
in Kazakhstan.
26. Role of the state budget during transitive economy.
27. Tax policy and features of its reflection in the press.
28. Press about change of a role of the state budget in economy.
29. Credit -financial problems in press and bank system: features of illumination.
30. Oil and gas complex of Kazakhstan and feature of its illumination in press.
31. Problem of division of the Caspian Sea and features of its sanction under
conditions of the sovereignty of the state.
32. Illumination of problems of the Caspian sea in the leading foreign editions.
33. Problem of agriculture in press
34. Problem of transferring the land into a private property and features of
illumination of this problem in the different editions.
35. Genre and substantial forms of economic publicism
36. Feature of the genre and substantial forms of economic publicism.
37. Problem of efficiency of influence of press on development and process of
economic reforms in Kazakhstan. Efficiency of the publications on economic themes.
38. Feature of formation of economic thinking under modern condition.
The literature:
1. Constitution (Basic Law) Republic of Kazakhstan. Àlmaty // 1995.
2. Nazarbaev N. À. Strategy of formation Kazakhstan as sovereign state // Alma-Ata,
1991.
3. Nazarbaev N. À. Without right and left. // Alma-Ata. 1991ã.
4. Nazarbaev N. À. Kazakhstan on a threshold of the ÕÕI-th c. // Alma-Ata. 1996.
5. Nazarbaev N. À. Strategy 2030. // Alma-Ata 1997ã.
6. Tax Code RÊ. // Àlmaty.1995.
7. National program de-nationalisation and privatization in 8. Republics
Êàçàõñòàí. // "Kazakhstani truth". March 1993 19.
8. Decision of Government "About realization of measures on a financial and
economic question of improvement, reorganization, liquidation of the insolvent state
enterprises" 1994ã. October 7 ¹ 1002.
9. Decree of the President of Kazakhstan "About urgent measures of a
privatization of properties: state, agriculture, procuring, processing and serving
enterprises of agroindustrial complex" . 1992 of February 12.
10. Decree of the President o of Kazakhstan "About bankruptcy".
11. Voroshilova V. V. Journalism // c- ïá. 2000.
12. Gurevich S. Ì. The newspaper and market // ÌSU. 1999.
13. Nurgozhina S., Nurtasina R. Urgent problems of economy and press in Kazakhstan.
// Àlmaty. ÊàçSU. 1996.
14. Îspanov Ì. Taxation: history, modernity and practice. Àlamty. 1995.
15. Îsinskaia L. Republican pressl: formation of a new type of economic thinking.
// Ì., 1987.
16. Pavlov A. E. Financial support of the programs of reforming enterprises. //
Saiasat, 1995, ¹ 1.
17. Bulletin ÊàzSU. A series journalism. 1998-2001.
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