PROPAGATION OF SCIENCE IN PRODUCTIONS OF C. VALIHANOVA
Ch. Valihanov was born in 1835 in a fortress Êushmurun. He was given to study to Omsk
Millitary School in 1947. His activity began in 1854 and he made the first travel round
The Central Kazakhstan, Semirechie, Òàrbagataiu. He participated in 1856 in
military-scientific expedition on acquaintance with the population, living in area of the
lakes Issyk-kul. The scientific results of travel were reflected in his bright feature
story "Trip to Issyk-kul", "Western province of the Chinese empire and city
Êulja", "Notes about Kirghiz". Some of his trips Valihanov carried out
with Semonov-Tianshanski. His famous Êàshgarskaia expedition was held in 1858-1859, when
he opened to the world Àltyshar, nothing about it was known to the educated world before
him.
Chokan Valihanov has become one of the founders of the Kazakh democratic publicism. It was
due to social inquiries of the Kazakh people, and personal gift.
Valihanov wrote remarkable on force and figurativeness, exact in the scientific plan
letters, diaries, scientific - historical articles.
It is necessary to name the following scientific productions by C. Valihanov: "Trip
diary to Issyk-kul", "Kirghiz", "Western territory of the Chinese
empire and city Êulja", "Feature stories about Djungari", "About the
condition of Àltyshara or six east cities of the Chinese province Nan-Lu (Small
Buharii)", "Kirghiz genealogy", "Legends and traditions of the Large
Kirghiz - Kaisar horde", "Shana-batyr", "Edige", some letters and
scientific notes, draft note to articles.
I. ÀLTYNSARIN
I. Àltynsarin - teacher, author of the first manuals in the Kazakh language. In his
literary - pedagogical work he proceeds from experience of the advanced Russian literature
and pedagogic. The ideas of Belinski and other Russian democrats have helped to develop
the basic principles of drawing up of the first high-grade manual in the Kazakh language -
"Kirghiz reading-book". In Altynsarin's opinion the national poetry perfectly
brings up the child. Therefore in educational-pedagogical experiences of Altynsarin the
great role is given to national poetry. The Kazakh songs, proverbs, saying, fairy tales,
legends, àitys are included in "Kirghiz reading-book". After C. Valihanov,
Ibrai Àltynsarin in the publicistic productions asserts interests of the people. He
indefatigably collected materials of oral national creativity all his life, studied
traditions, life and customs of Kazakh people. He systematized, processed and made
appropriate generalisation of all materials. His work "Feature stories about customs
at match-making and wedding, at funeral and commemoration of Kazakhs in Orenburg
vedomasts" has received a high estimation in scientific circles. This work represents
ethnographic interest not only as scientific - practical, but also as the valuable
contribution to publicism. For the first time in a history of the Kazakh public idea he
condemned the existing system social enslavement of Kazakh women. The large influence on
development of publicistic activity of I. Àltynsarin had the newspaper "Orenburg
listok", which edition he supported in 1873. In this newspaper he published his
popular scientific and enlightening character, feature stories about the life of local
Kazakh people.
On the 2nd December 1879 in "Orenburg listok" there was printed the foreword by
Altynsarin to "Kirghiz reading-book", where he explained, that the materials
included in book, were taken from life of Kazakh people, the book was intended for use as
the manual and as book for mass reading. On concrete examples the author had shown
necessity familiarizing of the Kazakhs with Russian culture by development of national
education, borrowing the advanced experience of the figures of Russian pedagogics. The
large interest was represented by correspondence Àltynsarin with N. Ilinskim. Nikolai
Ivanovich Ilinski - the professor of the Kazan University - was the director of the Kazakh
teacher's seminary. Talented orientalist, he was engaged in studying Kazakh language,
ethnography, folklore. In 1862 he published his poem "Årtargin". Simultaneously
Àltynsarin conducted correspondence with V. Grigorev, professor of the Petersburg and
Novorossisk Universities, the author of many works on language, archaeological,
ethnography, histories. He put a question about "Re-establishment of the rights"
of Kazakh language, about using Kazakh language in official correspondence. The idea of
introduction in Kazakh language the Russian alphabet belongs to him. Àltynsarih was in
correspondence with Vasili Vladimirovich Katerinski. Êàterinski occupied a post of the
district inspector of schools of the Orenburg educational district. Êàterinski composed
textbooks: "ABC for Kazakhs ", "Practical lessons of Russian for
Kazakhs", "Russian-Kazakh and Kazakh-Russian dictionary".
ÀBAI ÊUNANBAEV
Àbai Êunanbaev - the founder of Kazakh written literature, Kazakh literary language.
Àbai Êunanbaev was born on the 10th of August 1845 in Semipalatinsk region. Initial
education he got at home from hired mullah, then in medrese.
It is possible thematically unit the productions by Abai, written in 1886, in some cycles.
1. It is devoted to a heavy situation of labour Kazakh people. He castigates
ignorance, condemns patrimonial conflicts, violence of a top feudal lords.
2. It is addressed to youth ("Our children", "If you do not know - be
silent", "Only youth - happy flower of life").
3. Poems: expressing an internal condition of the poet.
In the poem "Oh my Kazakh! My poor people!" Abai showed unhappy life of simple
people. They were not sure in tomorrow's day. In a poem "It is not the trouble, that
we lost our way" The poet creates an image of an idler, parasite living at the
expense of the people. He convicts the young and healthy people from mass of people,
spending an idle life.
The verses "Autumn", "Winter" are devoted to the description of a
nature. In 1889 Àáàÿ created a cycle of love poems. In many poem Àbai addresses to a
theme of woman, her hard share. He denied institute of bride-money, polygamy, enslavement,
struggles for equality the woman and man. Àbai was not only ingenious author, but also
very gifted interpreter. With the purpose of acquaintance of the compatriots with samples
of Russian classics, he addressed to treasuries of the Russian literature. For 15 years
Àbai had translated from Russian into Kazakh more than 50 productions of Russian writers.
They are seven fragments from the novel in verses by Pushkin À. S. "Åvgeni Înegin
", "Dagger", " Gift's of Tereka", "Sail",
"Demon", 28 poems by Ì.I. Lermantov, 12 fables by Krilov and some productions
of other authors. In the prosaic product "Gaklia" ("Words of
edification") the author subjects to criticism steppe bosses and imperial officials,
reflects on destiny of the people. He thought about degnity of man, about education of
youth, about necessity of culture and education, about the relation of people different
nationalities, about old age and death. But all these motives interlace in one problem.
In "Gaklia" there are a lot of philosophical ideas and thought. For example, in
the 17th word there is a dispute of Force, Reason and Heart. The Science acts as the judge
in this dispute. It calls them for a unification. In the 27th word there is spoken about
Reason of the man.
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Themes of the seminar lessons:
1. Reflection of scientific ideas and researches in MMM.
2. Philosophical and politological motives in oral national creativity.
3. XI centuries - century of Àbu Raihan Biruni and Omar Haiiam.
4. Ulugbek - life and scientific activity.
5. "The Second teacher" - Àbu Nasyr al-Farabi.
6. "Diuani lugat at-turk".
7. Propagation of science in productions of C. Valihanov.
8. Enlightening activity of I. Àltynsarin
9. Enlightening motives in poetry and prose by Àbai Êunanbaev.
Control questions:
1. Importance of folklore in spiritual development of Kazakh people.
2. "Ìineralogy" Àbu Raihan Biruni.
3. Modern scientific researches (on an example of Kazakhstan and countries of CIS).
4. Appeal to a science and education in creativity of Àbai.
5. Mathematical works by Omar Haiiam.
6. National pedagogics (traditions, didactic songs).
7. Contribution of Chokan Valihanov in a geographical, ethnographic science.
8. Images of the scientists in fiction.
9. Appeal to education in productions by I. Altynsarin
10. Heading of the newspapers at magazines of Kazakhstan devoted to scientific
subjects.
11. Ulugbek and his scientific heritage.
12. Role of a science in development of a society.
13. Basic shortcoming of materials on a scientific theme.
14. Prospect of development of scientific journalism (CIS and Kazakhstan).
The literature:
1. Nazarbaev N. À. "Intelligence should look ahead", "Kazakhstan's
truth", 1999, September.
2. Prohorov E. P. "Introduction in the theory of journalism", Ì., 1998.
3. Àvitsenna "Canons of a medical science", Tashkent, 1954.
4. Barmankulov Ì. Ê. "Gold woman", Àlmaty, 1998.
5. Àbai "Book of words", Àlmaty, 1992.
6. East Òurkestan in an antiquity and early middle ages. The epos, languages,
religions, Ì., 1992.
7. Bekhozhin H. N., Êîzybaev . Ê., Ìàtvienêî S. S. "Feature stories of a
history of journalism of Kazakhstan. The first part (1900-1945)", Àlmaty, 1988.
8. Role of communication in distribution of scientific and technical achievement,
Ì., 1986.
9. Zasurski I. N. "Scientific and Technical revolution and journalism",
Bulletin of ÌSU, series ¹ 4 (journalism), 1971.
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